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Bank Account Garnishment and Liens in Texas

Sarah Edwards | October 19, 2022

Sarah Edwards
Legal Expert
Sarah Edwards, BS

Sarah Edwards is a professional researcher and writer specializing in legal content. An Emerson College alumna, she holds a Bachelor of Science in Communication from the prestigious Boston institution.

Edited by Hannah Locklear

Hannah Locklear
Editor at SoloSuit
Hannah Locklear, BA

Hannah Locklear is SoloSuit’s Marketing and Impact Manager. With an educational background in Linguistics, Spanish, and International Development from Brigham Young University, Hannah has also worked as a legal support specialist for several years.

Debt collectors when they garnish your wages ^^

Summary: As a Texas resident, you have certain protections from wage garnishment and liens. Here is SoloSuit's guide on Texas laws on garnishment and how you can respond to a debt lawsuit.

When you are in debt, being the subject of a judgment can be quite stressful. A judgment is an order issued by a judge that holds you liable for a certain amount. Judgments can also involve real property, such as vehicles, jewelry, or your home.

Judgments are typically issued when you owe money and fail to pay. If the amount you owe is large enough to warrant the hassle, they may file a Complaint with the local courts. They must show proof that you owe the debt and that they have made extensive attempts to collect it.

The judge will make a decision based on the facts presented. If they rule against you and issue a Judgment, the debt collector can take action to collect those funds.

Two of the most common practices they use are issuing liens and garnishing wages. A lien gives the debt collector the right to seize the asset. Liens can get tricky, especially if you are currently paying for the asset in question.

When issuing liens or garnishing wages, debt collectors must follow the laws in the state you live in. If you reside in Texas, you have quite a few rights when it comes to dealing with debt collectors. You might even be considered “judgment proof," depending on your circumstances.

It is important to know your rights when you are in debt because doing so will help you respond appropriately to a debt lawsuit.

What is the standard protocol for wage garnishment?

In many states, debt collectors can go directly for your wages after a judgment is issued. Some states allow debt collectors to garnish as much as 25% of your wages. These funds are removed from your check before you ever see a dime. As you might imagine, having your wages garnished is an awful experience.

The headaches don't stop there. Most states give debt collectors the ability to put liens on your vehicles. This doesn't make much sense, as you will have difficulty getting to work without a vehicle. Still, putting liens on cars is common practice in many places.

Fortunately, Texas puts a stop to many merciless debt collection tactics. This does not mean that debt collectors are powerless in Texas. However, they do have to play by a fairer set of rules.

How does wage garnishment work in Texas?

Texas' wage garnishment laws are quite unique. They can also be a bit confusing due to the terms the courts use to describe income garnishments.

Let's say that a debt collector wins a judgment against you and requests to garnish your wages to collect. In this scenario, the judge will issue a Writ of Garnishment. However, Texas law prohibits this Writ of Garnishment from being used to garnish “incoming wages.” The term “incoming wages” simply means funds that you have not yet received.

Instead, debt collectors that win a judgment will need to contact your bank. They can present the Writ of Garnishment and have your bank account frozen. The debt collectors can then obtain funds straight from your account. This should worry you, especially if you have a healthy savings account.

There are a few exceptions to Texas wage garnishment laws. Your wages can be garnished if you have one of four types of non-ordinary debts. These debts include:

  • Unpaid taxes
  • Student loans
  • Spousal support (alimony)
  • Child support

Otherwise, your wages are safe, at least until they hit your bank account. You could always request paper checks and skip direct deposit until you sort out your financial troubles.

Even though you have protections, the best approach is to avoid being sued altogether. You can do this by quickly responding to Collection Letters or offering to settle outside of court.

Can you be “judgment-proof” in Texas?

Technically, yes, you can become judgment-proof in Texas. It is actually easier to become judgment-proof in Texas than in many other states.

A person is “judgment-proof” if they do not own anything that debt collectors are allowed to take. If you have dealt with debt collectors before, you know they will snag anything to pay down your bill. This includes family heirlooms, jewelry, firearms, tools, boats, bicycles, and even cattle—after all, we are talking about the state of Texas.

If you own cattle, don't worry, as the state provides some protections for your cows and other livestock as well.

What specific lien protections does Texas law provide debtors?

All of the lien protections provided by the state of Texas are listed in the Texas Property Code Title 5, Chapter 42.

While it is important to know your rights regarding liens and garnishments, reading the Texas Property Code can be downright boring. That's why we have provided the highlights here.

To be clear, these exemptions do not apply to the institution that financed your purchase of the property. For example, if you stop making payments on your car, the lender can repossess it. This is because they already have a lien on the vehicle.

The protections we are outlining below prevent other debt collectors from placing a lien on the specific property. No lien means no seizure.

Let's start with homes. If your home is homesteaded, which means you use it as your primary residence, it cannot be seized.

Your cars are safe as well. According to Chapter 42 of the Texas Property Code, you can have one vehicle per licensed driver. If you and your spouse each have a driver's license, then two of your vehicles are exempt from liens. If you have more, they could be seized.

A few other items that are exempt from liens in Texas include:

  • Family heirlooms
  • Farming equipment (including your tractor or mower)
  • Boats, if used as part of your profession
  • $25,000 in jewelry for families ($12,500 for a single adult)
  • Two firearms total (not per household member)
  • Two horses, mules, or donkeys
  • 12 head of cattle
  • 60 head of other livestock (pigs, goats, etc.)
  • 120 fowl

As you can see, Texas offers plenty of protections when a debt collector sues you. However, you can still lose a suit by default if you do not respond to the Complaint within the designated time frame. This time frame is usually between two weeks and 30 days.

If you want to exercise these rights and protect your assets, respond quickly with help from SoloSuit. Doing so can save you a lot of stress. You might even be able to settle out of court and reduce your bill or get the case dismissed entirely.

Respond to a debt lawsuit in Texas

If you've been sued for a debt you owe, the first step to winning in court is to respond to the lawsuit with a written Answer. Follow these three steps to answer your debt collection lawsuit:

  1. Answer each claim listed in the Complaint document.
  2. Assert your affirmative defenses.
  3. File your Answer with the court, and send a copy to the party suing you.

To learn more about these three steps, check out this video:

What is SoloSuit?

SoloSuit makes it easy to fight debt collectors.

You can use SoloSuit to respond to a debt lawsuit, to send letters to collectors, and even to settle a debt.

SoloSuit's Answer service is a step-by-step web-app that asks you all the necessary questions to complete your Answer. Upon completion, we'll have an attorney review your document and we'll file it for you.

Respond with SoloSuit

"First time getting sued by a debt collector and I was searching all over YouTube and ran across SoloSuit, so I decided to buy their services with their attorney reviewed documentation which cost extra but it was well worth it! SoloSuit sent the documentation to the parties and to the court which saved me time from having to go to court and in a few weeks the case got dismissed!" – James

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