Dena Standley | February 24, 2023
Edited by Hannah Locklear
Hannah Locklear is SoloSuit’s Marketing and Impact Manager. With an educational background in Linguistics, Spanish, and International Development from Brigham Young University, Hannah has also worked as a legal support specialist for several years.
Summary: Applying for unemployment benefits may come to mind quickly if you are fired. But you may also qualify for the payout even if the decision to resign was yours. Whether you are eligible depends on why you quit. It could be the employer's fault or personal safety reasons, but the department must investigate your claims before approval.
Unemployment benefits temporarily cover a portion of your wages if you lose work. The insurance typically covers employees who were laid off or furloughed.
But what if you quit? You could still receive unemployment provided the state considers your reason for leaving “good cause.” A good cause for quitting means that you separated from the employer for valid reasons and that the cause could not be resolved with the employer.
Although unemployment insurance laws vary by state, Americans across the country can expect the general rules to apply. This article looks at situations when you may be eligible for unemployment upon quitting.
The Unemployment Insurance (UI) application seems straightforward on paper. You must meet the basic requirements, such as the minimum residence period, base period minimum earnings, and ability to work.
However, questions arise that may require you to have additional information. The following are some cases when you may receive unemployment after quitting.
Constructive discharge happens when your employer “fires” you without saying they are firing you. For example, an employer may decide that since they have no legal reason to fire you, they will make your life miserable until you, in effect, quit.
You may be eligible for unemployment in your state if you prove that the resignation was involuntary.
Discrimination in the workplace takes many forms. You may suffer injustice because of gender, race, culture, or disability. If your employer treats you differently and you quit, you can apply for UI.
Below is an example.
Example: Maria's employer categorically set the rule that Latin Americans could never earn more than a predetermined amount per hour. When Maria (Latin American) found out, she confronted the employer. Her employer admitted that was the law and that she was welcome to quit if she disagreed. So Maria quit. Maria successfully applied for unemployment because the department found that she was a victim of discrimination.
An employer can reduce your hourly pay or work hours so drastically that it becomes unsustainable. The new pay may cover less than your recurring expenses. If a pay cut or hours cut compels you to resign, your state department will consider your claim application.
You may successfully claim unemployment if you fall seriously ill or become disabled. Sometimes a family member becomes so incapacitated that you must leave work to care for them. In such a situation, quitting does not disqualify you from unemployment benefits.
Note that disability can qualify you for additional help.
Quitting work because you are starting another one does not disqualify you. However, the department will need proof that the job you hoped to take was not in question at the time of your resignation.
So if you quit before finding work, you won't qualify. Similarly, employees who separate in search of a more fulfilling or to advance their careers do not qualify for unemployment. But if a different company had offered you a job and convinced you that you were as good as hired only to leave you hanging, you can claim unemployment.
If you have to work onsite and your employer moves the premises to an inaccessible place, you can resign and still receive unemployment.
Illegal practices such as potential food and drug hazard and financial conduct are “good causes” to quit. Your state is unlikely to disqualify you for unemployment.
You may quit if your work changes so much it infringes on your moral and religious convictions.
You or a dependent in your household may need to relocate because of domestic abuse or stalking. That's a good enough reason to receive unemployment.
Depending on your state, there are additional reasons for claiming unemployment if you quit. Here is a summary for Washington state.
Read more: Unemployed and in debt?
The information you submit when claiming unemployment includes your previous employers' names and contact. This information is vital if you quit because the department will want to corroborate your claims.
The department may deny your application if the employer denies the accusations or you cannot prove them. You are always free to appeal the decision if you feel it is unfair.
To get unemployment after quitting, your cause for separation should be more than just sensible. It must be deemed acceptable in your state.
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